The 7 Most Used Weapons in Iraq’s Hands During the Gulf Wars – From Tanks to Chemical Threats

Iraq participated in both the First Gulf War (against Iran 1980–1988) and the Second Gulf War (against a US-led coalition in 1990–1991 and later in 2003). In both conflicts, the Iraqi army used a wide range of weapons – many Soviet-produced, but also from Western and Chinese suppliers. Here is a countdown of the 7 most used and notorious weapons in Iraq’s arsenal during these wars.

#7: RPG-7 – the Iconic Anti-Tank Rocket

The RPG-7 was a cheap, simple, and effective weapon against armored targets and infantry. It was used extensively by the Iraqi army, particularly during battles against Iranian forces in the 1980s. Although it had limitations against modern tanks, it was ideal for urban warfare and ambushes.

#6: FN FAL and AK-47 – Backbone of the Infantry

Iraq deployed various types of automatic rifles, but the AK-47 and Belgian FN FAL were the most widely used. These rifles were robust, easy to maintain, and suitable for the harsh conditions of deserts and cities. They were carried by almost all Iraqi infantry units in both wars.

#5: MiG-21 and MiG-23 Fighter Jets

Soviet-produced MiG aircraft formed the backbone of Iraq’s air force during both wars. MiG-21 and MiG-23 were used for air-to-air as well as ground attack missions. Although technologically inferior to Western aircraft, they played a crucial role in air operations – especially against Iran.

#4: T-55 and T-72 Tanks

Iraq amassed hundreds of Soviet T-55 and T-72 tanks, deploying them in major armored operations. They were used against Iranian positions and later in Kuwait in 1990. The T-72 was Iraq’s most advanced tank but came up short against American M1 Abrams during Operation Desert Storm.

#3: Scud Missiles – Long-Range Threat

Iraq used modified Scud missiles against Iranian cities and later against Israel and Saudi Arabia during the Second Gulf War. The missiles lacked precision but had a significant psychological impact. They were among the most controversial weapons in Saddam’s arsenal.

#2: Chemical Weapons – The Horror of Poison Gas

During the First Gulf War, Iraq used chemical weapons such as mustard gas and nerve agents against both Iranian troops and Kurdish civilians – notably in the infamous Halabja attack in 1988. These weapons were feared and internationally condemned, forming a central point in the justification for the invasion in 2003.

#1: Artillery and Rocket Launchers – The Workhorses of War

Artillery – especially 122mm and 155mm howitzers and BM-21 Grad rocket launchers – was the most used weapon system in both wars. They were used for massive bombardments and to break enemy lines. The combination of long-range firepower and mobility made them critical in both defense and offense.

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